Danske Bank's risk methodsDanske Bank's risk methods

Danske Bank has chosen the following methods:

Risk type Model
Credit risk Advanced IRB
Market risk Internal model
Operational risk Standardised

Credit risk
In September 2006, Danske Bank submitted a application to the Danish FSA for approval to apply the internal rating-based method (IRB) of the new capital requirement rules for calculating risk-weighted assets in relation to credit risk effective from January 1, 2008, including the use of parameters estimated in-house.

In November 2007, the Danish Financial Supervisory Authority (FSA) permitted the Danske Bank Group to apply the advanced internal ratings-based (IRB) approach to calculate credit risk under the new capital requirements directive (CRD). The approval will take effect on January 1, 2008.

The IRB approach will apply to 83% of the lending portfolio calculated on the basis of financial results for 2007. The remaining 17% of the lending portfolio will be calculated on the basis of the standardised approach on January 1, 2008, either because facilities are covered by roll-out plans for entities (i.e. such as Northern Bank, National Irish Bank and Sampo Bank) or because they are subject to permanent exemption (i.e. such as facilities with governments, including local authorities, etc.).

The capital target of the Group will be based on the minimum capital requirement under Pillar I and further capital requirements under Pillar II, including stress tests and rating ambitions. The Annual Report for 2007 further explains the effect of the new requirements on the Group’s capital management and financial targets.

Since Danske Bank has chosen the Advanced IRB Approach, the estimates of PD, LGD and EAD will be based on internal data.
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PD, LGD, CF & EAD and fact bookPD, LGD, CF & EAD and fact book

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PD, LGD, CF & EAD
These loss parameters are very important in Pillar I work because they are used to determine banks' capital requirements.
Read about PD, LGD, CF & EAD

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Fact book
Our fact book contain detailed information about individual business areas within Danske Bank Group.
Fact book
 
The Advanced IRB Approach is the most advanced method for estimating credit risk.

See an overview of the different credit risk-weightings (Pillar I only) for mortgage loans under the Standardised Approach and Advanced IRB Approach using Danske Bank's internal estimates.

Danske Bank has been working with economic capital models and concepts like PD and LGD for almost ten years, and has therefore significant experience in this field. Danske Bank's shared IT platform and robust data warehouse have also been advantageous in the preparations for the CRD.

Market risk
Danske Bank has also used advanced models for estimating market risk for a number of years. Danske Bank was the first bank in Denmark that got its internal model acknowledged by the Danish FSA.
Danske Bank submitted a application to the Danish FSA in October 2006 for approval to apply a new, more advanced model to calculate the market risk of risk-weighted assets on a consolidated basis and for the parent bank effective from the first quarter of 2007. The Danish FSA approved the application.
Subsidiaries will continue to use the standard method.

Operational risk
For the time being, the Danske Bank Group has decided to apply the standard indicator method in the calculation of operational risk. It is expected that this decision will be reviewed in the course of one to two years.

The standardised approach uses one indicator but different weightings (“beta-factors) for different lines of business, for example, commercial banking and retail banking. The Bank calculates the capital requirement by multiplying a defined indicator by the beta factor for each business unit. The sum of the capital requirements for the different business units is used to calculate the capital requirement.

Therefore, Danske Bank’s business units have been linked to the eight business areas specified in the CRD:
  • Corporate finance
  • Trading and sales
  • Retail brokerage
  • Commercial banking
  • Retail banking
  • Payment and settlement
  • Agency services
  • Asset management

The result of this mapping and the average "beta-factor" for the different business areas are shown in the table below:

Business area
Beta factor (%)
Banking Activities
13
Danske Markets
18
Shared Service Centre and other cost centres
18
Mortgage Finance
13
Danske Capital
13
Danske Bank Group
14


The Group collects loss data in two different ways. First, Risk Management has established collaboration with the Danske Bank's Internal Audit under which all movements on a number of internal accounts are collected and stored.

In addition, Danske Bank has implemented an IT system under which all operational losses exceeding DKr 25,000 are recorded and commented on. The web-based system was upgraded in 2006 and has logged more than 4,400 events since the start-up in 2001.

The Group also participates in an international collaboration, the Operational Riskdata eXchange Association (ORX), which ensures exchange of information on operational losses among the participating banks. Loss data are exchanged on a quarterly basis for amounts exceeding €20,000, and at present more than 30,000 events have been logged since 2003. Finally, Danske Bank subscribes to Fitch Ratings’ public loss database.

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Last updated/revised on January 31, 2008

Read more about the risk typesRead  more about the risk types

Risk
For more detail risk explanations see

Credit risk
Market risk
Operational risk